Enterovirus e Infecciones Respiratorias

Non-rhinovirus enteroviruses associated with respiratory infections in Peru (2005-2010).

Huaman JL1, Carrion G, Ampuero JS, Gomez J, Ocaña V, Paz I, Gomez E, Chavez E, Sarmiento F, Pozo E, Laguna-Torres VA, Halsey ES.

¹US Naval Medical Research Unit No, 6, Lima, Peru. jose.huaman@med.navy.mil.

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Enteroviruses (EVs) are a common cause of respiratory tract infections and are classified into seven species (EVA-D and rhinoviruses [RHVs] A-C) with more than 200 different serotypes. Little is known about the role of non-RHV EVs in respiratory infections in South America. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of non-RHV EVs detected in patients with influenza-like illness enrolled in a passive surveillance network in Peru.

METHODS:

Throat swabs and epidemiological data were collected from participants after obtaining verbal consent. Viral isolation was performed in cell culture and identified by immunofluorescence assay. Serotype identification of EV isolates was performed using commercial monoclonal antibodies. Identification of non-serotypeable isolations was carried out by reverse transcriptase-PCR, followed by sequencing.

RESULTS:

Between 2005 and 2010, 24,239 samples were analyzed, and 9,973 (41.1%) possessed at least one respiratory virus. EVs were found in 175 samples (0.7%). Our results revealed a clear predominance of EVB species, 90.9% (159/175). No EVDs were isolated. The mean and median ages of EV-positive subjects were 9.1 and 4.0 years, respectively, much younger than the population sampled, 17.6 and 12.0 years. Sixteen serotypes were identified, four EVA, 11 EVB, and one EVC species. The most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B1, coxsackievirus B2, coxsackievirus B5, and coxsackievirus B3.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides data about the serotypes of EVs circulating in Peru and sets the need for further studies.

Virol J. 2014 Sep 22;11:169. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-169.

 http://www.virologyj.com/content/11/1/169

Md. Irmia Paz. Tutora del GII 

Citocinas y Depresión

C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 and incident clinical depression.

Chocano-Bedoya PO¹, Mirzaei F², O'Reilly EJ³, Lucas M⁴, Okereke OI⁵, Hu FB⁶, Rimm EB⁶, Ascherio A⁶.

¹Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: pchocano@hsph.harvard.edu.
²Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
³Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
⁵Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁶Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Despite an extensive literature on the role of inflammation and depression, few studies have evaluated the association between inflammatory biomarkers and depression in a prospective manner, and results are inconclusive.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective analysis of blood levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNFα-R2 in 4756 women participating in the Nurses׳ Health Study who donated blood in 1990 and were depression-free up to 1996. Participants were followed between 1996 and 2008 for reports of clinical diagnosis depression or antidepressant use. Additionally, we conducted cross-sectional analyses for CRP, IL-6 and TNFα-R2 and antidepressant use at time of blood draw.

RESULTS:

After adjustment for body mass index, menopause status, use of anti-inflammatory drugs and other covariates, no significant associations between CRP, IL-6 and TNFα-R2 and incident depression were observed after a follow-up of 6-18 years. However, menopause status appears to modify the association between IL-6 and depression risk. In cross-sectional analyses, TNFα-R2 was associated with antidepressant use (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.23-3.13, P-trend=0.001), but no significant associations were found for CRP and IL-6.

LIMITATIONS:

Depression diagnosis was first assessed in 1996, 6 years after blood draw. However the biomarkers have high within-person correlations with measurements 4 years apart.

CONCLUSIONS:

Blood levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNFα-R2 were not associated with incident depression over a follow-up of 6-18 years. In cross-sectional analyses, antidepressant use may be associated with higher levels of TNFα-R2 but no associations with depression or antidepressant use were observed in the prospective analysis.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

C-reactive protein; Depression; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Prospective study; Soluble tumor necrosis factor – receptor 2

J Affect Disord. 2014 Jul;163:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.023. Epub 2014 Mar 27.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032714001347

Md. PhD. Patricia Chocano. Ex miembro del GII. 

Inflamación y Depresión

Inflammatory dietary pattern and risk of depression among women.

Lucas M¹, Chocano-Bedoya P², Schulze MB, Mirzaei F², O'Reilly ÉJ⁴, Okereke OI⁵, Hu FB⁶, Willett WC⁶, Ascherio A⁶.

¹Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, MA 02115, USA; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 2M2, Canada. Electronic address: mlucas@hsph.harvard.edu.
²Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, MA 02115, USA.
³Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal 14558, Germany.
⁴Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
⁵Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
⁶Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, MA 02115, USA.

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Inflammation is considered as a mechanism leading to depression, but the association between inflammatory dietary pattern and depression risk is unknown.

METHODS:

Using reduced-rank regression, we identified a dietary pattern that was related to plasma levels of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2), and we conducted a prospective analysis of the relationship of this pattern and depression risk among participants in the Nurses' Health Study. A total of 43,685 women (aged 50-77) without depression at baseline (1996) were included and followed up until 2008. Diet information was obtained from food frequency questionnaires completed between 1984 through 2002 and computed as cumulative average of dietary intakes with a 2-year latency applied. We used a strict definition of depression that required both self-reported physician-diagnosed depression and use of antidepressants, and a broader definition that included women who reported either clinical diagnosis or antidepressant use.

RESULTS:

During the 12-year follow-up, we documented 2594 incident cases of depression using the stricter definition and 6446 using the broader definition. After adjustment for body mass index and other potential confounders, relative risks comparing extreme quintiles of the inflammatory dietary pattern were 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22, 1.63; P-trend<.001) for the strict definition and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.18, 1.41; P-trend<.001) for the broader definition of depression.

CONCLUSIONS:

The inflammatory dietary pattern is associated with a higher depression risk. This finding suggests that chronic inflammation may underlie the association between diet and depression.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

C-reactive protein; Cohort; Depression; Diet pattern; Inflammatory markers; Interleukin-6; Reduced-rank regression; Tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2; Women

Brain Behav Immun. 2014 Feb;36:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.09.014. Epub 2013 Oct 1.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159113004698

Md. PhD. Patricia Chocano. Ex miembro del GII.  

Dermatología e Inmunología

Las células guardianes residentes de la piel y

su papel en la respuesta inmune. Parte 1

Julio E Valdivia-Silva1,2, Monica Maya-Pasten1, Jackie Peña-Fernández1

1Chemokines Biology Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México D.F., México.

2 Life Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, 94035, California, EE UU.

RESUMEN 

La piel constituye la primera barrera del sistema inmune contra potenciales agentes patógenos y nocivos externos. Evidencia importante sugiere que las células inmunológicas requieren de funciones conjuntas con los queratinocitos, para alertar y ensamblar una respuesta inmune adecuada, que incluye la formación del sistema de alerta denominado inflamosoma.

Adicionalmente, nuevos fenotipos funcionales de células presentadoras de antígenos (CPA) en la piel como las células dendríticas han demostrado tener gran importancia en ensamblar la respuesta inmune, incluso mayor que las células T circulantes.

La primera entrega de este artículo describe la funcionalidad de los queratinocitos y las células dendríticas en la piel, para en la segunda parte discriminar sus roles junto a los linfocitos T y las fallas de la regulación durante las interacciones en la formación del inflamosoma.

Palabras clave. Inmunidad de la piel, Queratinocitos, Células dendríticas, Inflamosoma.

Dermatología Peruana 01/2014; 24(1):19-26. 

http://www.dermatologia.pe/asset/uploads/archivos/publicaciones/revista/revista-24-1.pdf

Md PhD Julio Valdivia Silva. Fundador del GII